43 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Acute spinal cord injury ... stroke, Delayed finding ... in spinal cord injury ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo
Peripheral Vertigo:
 • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
Diagnostic Algorithm ... with vascular causes ... BPPV • Short-lived ... Long symptom-free ... #neurology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Pathogenesis and clinical findings ... spinal artery injury ... #Syndromes #diagnosis ... pathophysiology #signs ... #orthopedics #neurology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... #nephrology #causes
The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) comprise a heterogenous group of disorders. 
They represent fundamental responses of
responses of the lung ... to injury and do ... indicates unknown cause ... involvement of the lung ... #Diagnosis #Radiology
Lung Findings on Physical Exam
Crackles:
 • Short, discontinuous, sounds mostly heard during inspiration
 • Caused by
Lung Findings on ... Exam Crackles: • Short ... words louder #Lung ... #PhysicalExam #diagnosis ... #signs
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... Immune mediated injury ... hematuria • Signs ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Urine Microscopy Findings ... Acute tubular injury ... - Diagnostic of ... acute tubular injury ... #nephrology #casts
Mechanisms of Pain
Mixed - Nociceptive/Neuropathic
Nociceptive - Tissue Damage
 - Visceral - (From organ/cavity lining) Poorly localized,
Well-localized, sharp, short ... • Spinal injury ... Pain #Mechanisms #Neurology ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
None • Auditory Findings ... with vascular causes ... Central #Vertigo #diagnosis ... #findings #signs ... symptoms #comparison #neurology