83 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... of hypokalemia starts ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... #differential #diagnosis
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)
Clinical:
 • Sudden, painless, complete loss of vision 
 • Pale retina
Central Retinal ... Occlusion (CRAO) Clinical ... • Cherry red spot ... on fovea Management ... Occlusion #CRAO #Diagnosis
Causes of Anterior Uveitis - Differential Diagnosis
Anterior Uveitis - 90% of cases of Uveitis
 • Inflammation
Causes of Anterior ... - Differential Diagnosis ... vitreous humor, and retina ... (w/ renal involvement ... #Causes #ophthalmology
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
- Differential Diagnosis ... Ocular Adverse Effects ... • Sjögren’s syndrome ... #ophthalmology ... #causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
: • Renal parenchymal ... disease - Renal ... of renal disease ... Renovascular disease - Renal ... Bilateral selective renal
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
associated with short ... bowel syndrome ... salicylate toxicity causes ... ketoacidosis Renal ... acids in advanced renal
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Pathogenesis and clinical ... -> Cotton-wool spots ... ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urinary sediment, renal ... HIV serology, renal ... eosinophiluria, renal ... protein-electrophoresis, renal ... markers • Cardio-renal
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
by Mechanism Renal ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Magnesium #Table #Causes ... #Management