52 results
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
(MS), Epidural abscess ... Guillain-Barre syndrome ... Lambert Eaton Syndrome ... poisoning, Scorpion sting ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
paresthesias • Imaging ... Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... 4 weeks after starting ... stroke Tuberculous Abscess ... differential #TB #neurology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Cerebral salt wasting syndrome ... Diarrhea, Third spacing ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
vasoconstriction syndrome ... Encephalitis, Brain Abscess ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... • Infection (abscess ... pain (shooting, stabbing ... #CaudaEquina #Syndrome
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Assess volume status ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
thirst, Lack of access ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Spinal infection/abscess ... studies (PVR) Imaging ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
• Acute stroke syndromes ... Infectious: Brain abscess ... Paraneoplastic syndrome ... toxins: Steroids, Statins ... Differential #Diagnosis #neurology
String Test in Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS)

A positive string test in a confabulating patient with Wernicke's-Korsakoff syndrome.
These
Syndrome (WKS) ... A positive string ... Wernicke's-Korsakoff syndrome ... Wernicke #Korsakoff #Syndrome ... WKS #clinical #neurology