10 results
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Responds briskly to IV ... Heart failure, liver ... #causes #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... glycol (present in IV ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Anxiety, pain, fever ... Classically” noted with pulmonary
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue ... Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary ... • Somatization Disorder ... Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ... #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... • Hyponatremia ... Kidney stones caused ... Association class IV ... specific bleeding disorders
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... a gas exchange disorder ... lung disease Caused ... cirrhosis • Intra-pulmonary ... hepatopulmonary #syndrome
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
Immunodeficiency disorder ... 50,000 patients • Avg ... Low serum IgG level ... DDX - Other causes ... : • Nephrotic syndrome
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Sjogren's Syndrome ... Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... Disease: • 10%-15% Pulmonary ... risk PE, Pulmonary ... vasculitis: 10%-16% Liver
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
(sick sinus syndrome ... Electrolyte imbalance • Fever ... Pheochromocytoma • Pulmonary ... Psychiatric: • Panic disorder ... palpitations: PVC
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... capillary leak syndrome ... amyloidosis) • Liver ... chemotherapy, nausea
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Illness Script
HPS is a pulmonary disorder of chronic liver disease characterized by a
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... disorder of chronic ... arteriovenous shunting causes ... mmHg (room air) - ABG ... resolution of syndrome