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diagnosis differential nephrology management causes hyponatremia criticalcare potassium low table foamed hyperkalemia hypernatremia lactate lactic rheumatology alkalosis behcet calcium cardiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Aldosterone: Liddle's Syndrome ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Renal tubular acidosis ... Diuretics, Bartter's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... acid, Liddle's syndrome ... • Cushing's syndrome
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hypovolemia, UNa ... with renal tubal acidosis ... Cerebral salt wasting syndrome ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... excess, Liddle's syndrome ... Diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... - Metabolic acidosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... Hypocalciuria (spot ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... Renal tubular acidosis ... diuresis, Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... excess and related syndromes
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... #Workup #Differential ... #nephrology #calcium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Algorithm 1) ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... settings, the urine sodium ... the excretion of sodium
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