77 results
Mediastinal Widening - Differential Diagnosis

 • Vascular: Aortic dissection, Aortic anourysm, Enlarged pulmonary arteries, Venous or
Pulmonary: Upper or middle ... Anterior mediastinal (Thymoma ... Germ cell tumor), Middle
Causes of Mediastinal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Anterior Mediastinal Mass:
 • Thyroid
 • Thymoma
 • Teratoma
• Thyroid • Thymoma ... Terrible" Lymphoma Middle
Mediastinal Mass - Differential Diagnosis
Anterior Mediastinal Mass:
 • Thymus (Thymoma, carcinoma, hyperplasia, cyst)
 • Lymphoma
 •
Mass: • Thymus (Thymoma ... fibroma/sarcoma) Middle ... pulmonary #anterior #middle
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Causes: • Large lumbar ... central) • Severe lumbar ... • Neoplasm in lumbar ... abscess, etc) in lumbar ... Incontinence • Saddle
Hernia of the Superior Lumbar Triangle

"Grynfeltt-Lesshaft hernia" is a herniation of abdominal contents through the back,
of the Superior Lumbar ... through the superior lumbar ... abdominalwallhernias #Lumbar ... Lesshaft #clinical #video
Hoffmann's Sign

Hoffman's sign means upper motor neuron injury.  The Hoffmann's reflex test itself involves loosely
loosely holding the middle ... , allowing the middle ... Abnormal #clinical #video
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
nerve roots of lumbar ... • MCC- acute lumbar ... sequestration • Saddle ... Mnemonic: • S - Saddle ... • large lower lumbar
Drugs associated with worsening of Myasthenia Gravis (MG):
•	D-penicillamine 
•	Botulinum toxin.
•	Telithromycin
•	Fluoroquinolones 
•	Quinine
•	Magnesium
•	Macrolide antibiotics 
•	Corticosteroids (may cause transient
crisis because of bulbar ... #VC #NIF #PEF #thymoma
Myasthenia Gravis - Summary
 • an autoimmune disease of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction associated with antibodies
focal or severe bulbar ... to screen for thymoma ... presence of prominent bulbar ... patients with thymoma
Hoffman's sign. Even in this specific case, accompanied by a clonus outline (rhythmic contractions). The median
the patient's middle ... of the flexed middle ... Abnormal #clinical #video