17 results
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... Cystinuria - Amino acid ... tubular acidosis ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Hypertensive Retinopathy on Fundoscopy Ocular Examination

Patient with grade IV hypertensive retinopathy. Papilledema, hemorrhages, and cotton-wool spots
on Fundoscopy Ocular ... and cotton-wool spots ... #Retinopathy #cottonwool ... #Retina #Ocular ... #PhysicalExam #
Purtscher Retinopathy on Fundoscopy Ocular Examination

33 year-old who presents 2 weeks after car accident.  Fundus
on Fundoscopy Ocular ... with Purtscher syndrome ... #Retinopathy #cottonwool ... #spots #Ocular ... #PhysicalExam #clinical
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Hypokalemia - Differential ... of hypokalemia starts ... tubular acidosis ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential ... associated with short ... bowel syndrome ... underexcretion of acids ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
ulceration • Ocular ... skin injury) • Neurologic ... Behcet disease) Differential ... spondyloarthritis • Ocular ... Leukemia, Lymphoma Ocular
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... and potassium acid ... #differential #
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... bowel syndrome, ... tubular acidosis ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Paraproteinemias

Entities That Can Feature A Monoclonal Protein/M Component:
• MM
• WM
• MGUS
• MGCS
• MGRS
• Splenic Marginal Zone
et diutinum Neurologic ... Hypergammaglobulinemic macular ... WAIHA • CAD • PCH ... , retinal, DVT, ... Hematology #Monoclonal #Differential
Facial Swelling - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Facial Edema

Infectious:
	• Dental abscess
	• Ludwig's angina
	• Vincent's angina
	• Cellulitis
	•
Facial Swelling - Differential ... Trauma: • Ocular ... Subcutaneous emphysema Renal ... Swelling #Edema #Differential ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam