7 results
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
Ocular Adverse Effects ... degeneration • Diabetic ... - Retinal vein occlusions ... • Sjögren’s syndrome ... (Retinal vein occlusions
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... receptor Distal renal ... tubular acidosis ... ATPase Nephrogenic diabetes ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... activities • Diuretic ... release • ↓ Cl ... #cardiorenal #syndrome ... pathophysiology #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
of hypokalemia starts ... hypokalemia • Renal ... tubular acidosis ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
(AG) = {Na - (Cl ... bowel syndrome, ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... tubular acidosis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Orbital Apex Syndrome secondary to Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO)

This 81 yo male was referred to our
Orbital Apex Syndrome ... treated by his PCP ... acetate to help with ocular ... ophthalmology #physicalexam ... #neurology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... • Hypokalemia (renal ... Hypocalciuria (spot ... , Renal tubular ... #diagnosis #nephrology