4 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
cardiac, liver, renal ... history #Diagnosis #EM ... #IM #Nephro #Hyponatremia ... #Hypovolemic #Euvolemic ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Pancreatitis • Euvolemia ... , Chronic Renal ... MH/CCF/CWRU EM ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
disease, C3GN, CFHR5 neph ... immune deposits on EM ... anti-phospholipid syndrome ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology ... #diagnosis #renal
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... hypervolemic and euvolemic ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table