Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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How much sodium is in 1 Liter of Normal Saline? In Bags if Potato Chips
in 1 Liter of Normal ... Saline? ... saline = 0.9% ... #saline #ns #nephrology ... #sodium #comparison
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 β€’ Sodium 130 mEq/L
 β€’
Ringers (LR) vs Normal ... Saline (NS) - Comparison ... Causes AKI: - ... May Cause Hemodynamic ... #Saline #NS #comparison
Metabolic and Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis - Diagnostic Algorithm

Anion gap - MUDPILES: 
 - Methanol (formic
Alkalosis - Diagnostic Algorithm ... Salicylates (late) Normal ... Spironolactone - Saline ... Respiratory #Metabolic #Algorithm ... Recommended Text: Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... remember than the normal ... volume-based algorithm ... volume restriction alone ... #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria (RBC casts ... Nephrotic #Syndrome #Comparison ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
The head impulse test (HIT) result is positive (abnormal) in nearly all patients with a peripheral
with a peripheral cause ... and negative (normal ... with a central cause ... used as a stand-alone ... #PhysicalExam #Neurology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 β€’ Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 β€’ Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses: β€’ Normal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
ABG And BMP Normal ... (Cl + HCO3)} Normal ... of Normal Anion ... insufficiency - Rapid saline ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... consumption β€’ Low/Normal ... differential #potassium #nephrology