Cross-Reactivity of Penicillins and Cephalosporins Cross reactivity of penicillin-allergic patients to cephalosporins has more to do with the R1 side chain than the β-lactam ring. Carbapenem cross-reactivity is <1%, and there is no cross-reactivity with monobactams. #CrossReactivity #Penicillins #Cephalosporins #Allergy #Management #Carbapenem #Reaction #Incidence #PCN #Pharmacology

Dermatology Skin Lesion Atlas #Skin #Lesions #Atlas #Map #Nomenclature #Dermatology #Naming #Terminology #Clinical ** GrepMed Recommended Text: Fitzpatrick's Color Atlas - https://amzn.to/2AyuB3T

Pathologic Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphologies and Associated Diseases Acanthocyte (spur cell), Basophilic stippling, Bite cell, Elliptocyte, Macro-ovalocyte, Ringed sideroblast, Schistocyte, helmet cell, Sickle cell, Spherocyte, Teardrop cell, Target cell, Other RBC pathologies: Heinz bodies, Howell-Jolly bodies #RBC #RedBloodCell #Morphology #Morphologies #Key #Atlas #Microscopy #Pathology #Hematology #Diagnosis #Dyspmorphic #BloodSmear ** GrepMed Recommended Text: Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease - https://amzn.to/2zDJPnG

Clostridium Dificile Risk by Antibiotic Class Pooled and study-specific risk estimates of community-associated CDI risk by antibiotic class. #CDifficile #Infection #Antibiotics #Association #Pharmacology #Class #Risk #Clindamycin #Clostridium #Table #Comparison #OddsRatio #Hierarchy

Side Effects of Atypical and Typical Antipsychotics - Comparison Table Atypical antipsychotics: Risperidone, Quetiapine, Olanzapine, Amisulpride, Ziprasidone Typical antipsychotics: Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine Most adverse effects are common to all antipsychotics, both typical and atypical, but occur to varying degrees for individual medicines Common, dose related adverse effects include: - Sedation – especially with clozapine, olanzapine and quetiapine - Anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth, constipation and blurred vision – especially with clozapine and olanzapine - Dizziness and postural hypotension – especially with clozapine, risperidone and quetiapine - As experience has grown, significant adverse effects associated with atypical antipsychotics have emerged, such as the development of diabetes, dyslipidaemia, weight gain, metabolic syndrome, increased risk of stroke (particularly among elderly people), elevated risk of sudden cardiac death, seizures and tardive dyskinesia. These adverse effects are also associated with typical antipsychotics. #Atypical #Antipsychotics #SideEffects #Adverse #Profiles #Comparison #Table #Psychiatry #Pharmacology #DecisionAid

Skin Lesion Guide - Atlas #Diagnosis #Dermatology #Skin #Lesions #Terminology #Nomenclature #Atlas #Key #Basics

Early and Late Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction - Timeline of Complications - Ventricular Arrhythmias - Bradyarrhythmias / Heart Block - Cardiogenic Shock - Stroke - Ischemic MR / Papillary Muscle Rupture - Ventricular Septal Rupture - LV Free Wall Rupture - Pericarditis (Dressler Syndrome) #Diagnosis #Cardiology #Timeline #Timetable #PostMI #Complications #Myocardial #Infarction #Early #Late

Acute and long-term complications of acute STEMI Acute and long-term complications of acute myocardial infarction are summarized in Figure 3 (below). Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation may occur any time after the coronary artery is occluded. These arrhythmias, which are due to ischemia, are particularly common during the first few hours after artery occlusion. They cause the vast majority of deaths in the acute phase. The risk then rapidly abates within 6 hours. However, myocardial infarction (particularly if extensive and in presence of heart failure) may result in chronic remodeling of the myocardium; such remodeling can cause ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. The most common mechanical complication of acute STEMI (and myocardial infarction in general) is papillary muscle rupture. Wall rupture (septum or left ventricular free wall) is less common. Ischemic bradyarrhythmia (bradycardia) is also common, especially with inferior infarctions. #Diagnosis #Cardiology #Timeline #Timetable #PostMI #Complications #Myocardial #Infarction #Early #Late

Estimated Incidence of Transfusion Reactions Graphical Depiction of transfusion reactions ordered from most highest to lowest incidence. #Diagnosis #Blood #Transfusion #Consent #Reactions #Events #Incidence #Risks #Rates

Summary Infographic for Massive Transfusion Protocol - MTP is indicated for patients with prior or ongoing major hemorrhage. MTPs can prevent dilutional coagulopathy and the deleterious effects of large volume crystalloid administration. Fibrinogen, INR, and platelets should be targeted to levels shown to promote hemostasis. - Crucial adjunctive measures include administration of tranexamic acid and prevention of hypothermia including the use of a blood warmer, bair hugger, and warmed ambient room temperature. - Monitor calcium, magnesium, and potassium to prevent complications of MTP including arrhythmia and death. #Management #Massive #Transfusion #Protocol #MTP #Indications