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Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
Abnormalities in ... may show this pattern ... asthma, chronic ... #Breathing #Patterns ... #Pulmonary #Abnormalities
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Algorithm for the ... Evaluation of Chronic ... Causes of acute ... 1000 g/24 h) #Chronic ... Diarrhea #management #algorithm
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
Clinical Classification ... and obstructive pattern ... Chronic thromboembolic ... Hypertension #PHTN #Classification ... #Differential #Causes
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
aldosterone - Low ... in cases in which ... secretion; in chronic ... as a result of chronic ... Insufficiency #Evaluation
Emergent Causes of Headache and Associated Risk Factors
Carbon monoxide poisoning
 - Breathing in enclosed or confined
Emergent Causes ... ) - Previous chronic ... meningitis - Previous chronic ... customary headache patterns ... brain or skull abnormalities
Causes of Constipation in Adults
Most common
 - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake
 - Poor bowel habits
Systemic
Causes of Constipation ... Cholestyramine Structural abnormalities ... Idiopathic megarectum Slow ... disorders - Chronic ... #Constipation #Causes
Nail Pathologies - Findings in or Near Nails

Paronychia 

A superficial infection of the proximal and lateral
Chronic infections ... increased blood flow ... Local causes include ... Systemic causes ... Spots in the pattern
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Chronic kidney disease ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes