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The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... Ketoconazole Low ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #differential ... #causes
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Algorithm for the ... Evaluation of Chronic ... Causes of acute ... #workup #diagnosis ... #differential
Types of Urinary Incontinence
 - Stress Incontinence - The urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
Types of Urinary ... #Incontinence #Types ... #Classification ... #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential
Laboratory Evaluation of Patients for Thyroid Disease 
Hyperthyroidism:
 • Graves disease - TSH low; free T4
Laboratory Evaluation ... disease - TSH low ... high; in some cases ... adenoma - TSH low ... #hyperthyroid #differential
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity - A
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation ... If the value is low ... decrease in most cases ... WBC count and differential ... ThromboticThrombocytopenicPurpura #Diagnosis #Workup
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
aldosterone - Low ... in cases in which ... aldosterone - Often normal ... Insufficiency #Evaluation ... endocrinology #workup
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes