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Hemolysis - Diagnostic Algorithm and Causes

Increased red cell production: 
 • Increased Reticulocytosis/polychromasia 
 • Erythroid
Hemolysis - Diagnostic Algorithm ... and Causes Increased ... Hemolysis #Hemolytic #Anemia ... #Algorithm #Differential ... #Causes #Workup
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... I, type II - ... Ketoconazole Low ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm ... #differential #causes
Types of Urinary Incontinence
 - Stress Incontinence - The urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
Types of Urinary ... stronger than normal ... #Incontinence #Types ... #Classification ... #Causes #diagnosis
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity - A
If the value is low ... decrease in most cases ... result in severe anemia ... immune hemolytic anemia ... ThromboticThrombocytopenicPurpura #Diagnosis #Workup
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
has a number of causes ... breathing has several causes ... Other causes include ... short periods Causes ... Causes include
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Algorithm for the ... Causes of acute ... Laxative abuse Normal ... Diarrhea #management #algorithm ... #workup #diagnosis
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
Clinical Classification ... protein receptor type ... activin A receptor type ... Chronic hemolytic anemia ... #Differential #Causes
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
between 8 and 9 AM - Low ... aldosterone - Low ... in cases in which ... aldosterone - Often normal ... endocrinology #workup
Nail Pathologies - Findings in or Near Nails

Paronychia 

A superficial infection of the proximal and lateral
increased blood flow ... Local causes include ... Systemic causes ... include diabetes, anemia ... Nail #Diseases #Abnormal
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... ), sickle cell anemia ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes