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Unmeasured Anions Associated with an Elevated Anion Gap and Metabolic Acidosis

#Unmeasured #Anions #Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis #Diagnosis
Unmeasured Anions ... and Metabolic Acidosis ... Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology ... #Differential #Causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... Proximal RTA (type ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Types of Facial Paralysis - Peripheral vs Central Lesions

Facial weakness or paralysis may result either from
Types of Facial ... vs Central Lesions ... face, or (2 ) a central ... #Bells #Palsy #Neurology ... #Diagnosis *
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
and Central Vertigo ... with vascular causes ... #diagnosis #findings ... signs #symptoms #comparison ... #neurology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... symptoms most common type ... #Peripheral #Central ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo
Peripheral Vertigo:
 • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
Diagnostic Algorithm ... Dizziness and Vertigo Peripheral ... may be present Central ... with vascular causes ... #neurology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Diabetes Insipidus Central ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... Classification #Types ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
generalized or a general ... seizure caused ... Classification #Diagnosis ... #Neurology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Comparison