Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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differential causes alkalosis hypokalemia hyponatremia casts management potassium table gitelman glomerular kidney low nephrotic neurology renal sodium syndromes urinary workup
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome • Urine Chloride • Urine Ca/Cr ratio Dr. Krithika
• Urine Chloride ... • Urine Ca/Cr ... #Bartter #Algorithm ... #nephrology #hypokalemia ... #diagnosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Causes of Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Urine ... diuretic use Urine ... #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... Low intake • Metabolic ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #potassium #nephrology
Urine Microscopy Crystals Uric Acid crystals: - Formation promoted by acidic urine - Seen in tumor lysis
Urine Microscopy ... in tumor lysis syndrome ... - Diagnostic of ... #Microscopy #Crystals ... #comparison #table
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... Red cell casts - Diagnostic ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... and Differential Diagnosis ... microscopy / urinary ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #nephrology #causes
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3) Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?) (+)
Gas) (-) Likely Metabolic ... Alkalosis Urine ... Barter, or Gitelman Syndrome ... #alkalosis #algorithm ... #diagnosis
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