Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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diagnosis nephrology differential algorithm aki comparison microscopy clinical injury nephrotic hyponatremia kidney management casts hypophosphatemia nephritic phosphate testing urology alkalosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... repeat testing • Acute ... • Evidence of glomerular ... if cause not identified ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... osmolarity If cause ... #Injury #AKI #Workup ... #causes
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... tubular cells - Acute ... also be seen if urine ... protein indicating acute ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
Causes of acute ... vascular supply; glomerular ... GBM, Glomerular ... Diagnosis #AKI #Acute ... #Sites #Nephrology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia Focal Hyporeflexia: • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Polyneuropathy, Acute ... stroke, Acute spinal ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification Prerenal: • Dehydration • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome) • Liver failure
a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... a.k.a. hepatorenal syndrome ... - TTP/HUS • Glomerular ... tubular necrosis (causes ... Classification #diagnosis #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... paraproteinemia, acute ... leukemia Measure Urine ... Insulin/Glucose, Acute ... #phosphate #nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... are caused by prerenal ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... CONSIDER INTRINSIC CAUSES ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... arbitrarily defined as urine ... because nephritic urine ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... #nephrology
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