Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis and Management
 β€’ Distal (type 1) RTA
 β€’ Proximal (type 2)
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... (RTA) Diagnosis ... and Management ... #Management #nephrology ... #table
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1Β° HPT
- 1Β° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Algorithm - GI ... - 1Β° HPT - 1Β° Renal ... Hypophosphatemia #phosphorus #low ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 β€’ Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 β€’ Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm - Utilizing ... Uric Acid - Low ... High Uric Acid β†’ renal ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Syndrome #Nephritic #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm β‰₯ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 β€’ UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... Algorithm UOsm ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... solute intake, Renal ... #causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 β€’ Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm ADH ... Beer Potomania - Low ... β€’ Renal Failure ... #nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
cells FEMg >4% = renal ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... suggests extra-renal ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low