Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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9 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... β€’ Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Nephrology #Differential
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... of hypotonic hyponatremia ... volume-based algorithm Urine ... Present (Uosm β‰₯100): Hypovolemia ... differential #diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 β€’ Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... , Recent TURP Hypotonic ... β€’ Hypovolemia: ... Algorithm #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI ... osmolarity If cause ... investigations depending on clinical ... context and signs ... #causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... β€’ Diarrhea A urine ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
is usually caused ... 1) Is it hypotonic ... Measure urine osmolality ... the underlying cause ... #Differential #
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy
1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Hypertonic Saline ... for Treatment of Hyponatremic ... May repeat until clinical ... L. 5) Monitor urine ... output for signs
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm β‰₯ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Hyponatremia Differential ... 100 mOsm/kg = Urine ... concentrated for hypotonic ... appropriate β€’ Hypovolemia ... chemotherapy, nausea
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 β€’ Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
algorithm for hypokalemia ... correcting serum potassium ... continued in most cases ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #nephrology