Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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diagnosis differential nephrology potassium endocrinology hypokalemia low metabolic workup acute aki alkalosis chloride injury back cardiology cardiomyopathy comparison glomerulonephritis hematology
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #endocrinology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Poor Intake - Starvation - Anorexia GI Losses - Vomiting / NG
Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... and 2, but not type ... Low #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Hyperparathyroidism classification Different causes and features of hyperparathyroidism - raised parathormone (PTH). #Diagnosis #Hyperparathyroidism #Differential #Primary #Secondary #Tertiary
Hyperparathyroidism classification ... Different causes ... #Differential #Primary ... Tertiary #Comparison #Table ... #Classification
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... starts by measuring urinary ... either secondary or primary ... Gitelman's syndrome • Primary ... #causes #nephrology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Elevated PTH (High or normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... or normal): • Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #endocrinology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Lithium-associated Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hormone–dependent Primary ... endocrine neoplasia type ... 1 or type 2A, familial ... #Causes #Differential
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 Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification Prerenal: • Dehydration • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome) • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Classification ... tubular necrosis (causes ... Neurogenic bladder • Urinary ... #AKI #Acute #Kidney
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Urinary Chloride ... alkalosis - Kidney ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #urinary
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