Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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diagnosis differential hypokalemia alkalosis chloride comparison druginduced hypomagnesemia hyponatremia hypotonic lupus magnesium management metabolic physiologic rheumatology sle sodium urinary urine
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... : • Normal Acid-Base ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hyperplasia • Normal ... Al, Normal R - ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Poor Intake - Starvation - Anorexia GI Losses - Vomiting / NG
- Anorexia GI Losses ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low intake • poor oral intake Renal loss • Medication • Hypomagnesemia •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... • poor oral intake ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
Approach to Hypomagnesemia Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
renal function is normal ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... /low blood pressure ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #nephrology #differential
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... remember than the normal ... volume-based algorithm ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE Drug Induced Lupus (DIL): • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
10% of all lupus cases ... CRP - Usually normal ... in >90% - Low ... Positive in 60-80% of cases ... sle #comparison #table
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... correcting serum potassium ... continued in most cases ... #nephrology
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