Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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differential nephrology low management blood hematology hyperkalemia product reactions adrenal binding comparison hyponatremia hypotonic insufficiency medications pharmacology physiologic sodium transfusion
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma): • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... and sodium • Dosing ... patients sensitive to high ... of aspiration #Potassium ... #pharmacology #table
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... urinary losses: • High ... #diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... Algorithm • IV ... • Consider K+ binder ... #potassium #high ... #diagnosis #management
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Algorithm Clinical ... Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... insufficiency likely: • High ... #Algorithm #endocrinology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... diuresis can be high ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... algorithm for hypokalemia ... urine Na/Cl < 0.7, high ... correcting serum potassium ... continued in most cases
Blood Transfusion Reactions Immune Mediated: • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
High mortality. ... , Hyperkalemia: ... Citrate in RBCs binds ... products contain potassium ... #Transfusion #diagnosis
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
High mortality. ... , Hyperkalemia: ... Citrate in RBCs binds ... products contain potassium ... #Transfusions #diagnosis
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