Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 β€’ Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
- Differential Diagnosis ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... , Infection, Autoimmune ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology #causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 β€’ Dehydration
 β€’ Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 β€’ Liver failure
a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... tubular necrosis (causes ... β€’ Medications ... Classification #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 β€’ Epithelial cells - Normal
 β€’ Renal tubular cells - Acute
- Diagnostic of ... - Renal infection ... disorders or excreted medications ... #Atlas #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes ... urinary tract infections ... urinary tract infection ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Priapism 

Secondary Causes:
Medications- intracavernosal injections, anticoagulants, PDE5 inhibitors, alpha blockers, methylphenidate, cocaine
Any hyperviscosity syndrome (SCD, leukemia,
Secondary Causes ... : Medications- ... intracavernosal injections ... hyperviscosity syndrome ... #Priapism #Diagnosis
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 β€’ Focal: Simple, Complex
 β€’ Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... brain injury β€’ Infectious ... #neurology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 β€’ Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... can be either infectious ... or non-infectious ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #diagnosis
Causes of Chronic Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis
Osmotic
 β€’ Food/Drink: Lactose intolerance, Artificial sweeteners (e.g. sorbitol, high
Causes of Chronic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Secretory: β€’ Microscopic ... Inflammatory - Infectious ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 β€’ Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 β€’ Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Hypothyroidism β€’ Medication-induced ... Chemotherapy β€’ Infectious ... Paraprotein-associated (POEMS syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #neurology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary tract infections ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology