Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome (HPS) ... HPS-differential ... Pulmonary vasculature ... #Syndrome #HPS
Complications of Portal Hypertension
 β€’ Hepatic Encephalopathy
 β€’ Pulmonary: Hepatopulmonary syndrome, Portopulmonary hypertension, Hepatic hydrothorax
 β€’
Encephalopathy β€’ Pulmonary ... : Hepatopulmonary ... syndrome, Portopulmonary ... Renal: Hepatorenal syndrome
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... AVMs, Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome - ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 β€’ Low PATM Can decrease first part
Respiratory Failure - Differential ... obesity-hypoventilation syndrome ... AVMs, hepatopulmonary ... syndrome), intracardiac ... Failure #hypoxia #Differential
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes and Mimics - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
90%:
 -
Pulmonary Renal ... Syndromes and Mimics ... - Differential ... Kumfer @AnnKumfer #Pulmonary ... #Mimics #Differential
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal ... Syndrome Definition ... symptomatology Differential ... Renal Syndromes ... #differential #
Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Eosinophilia
Infection:
 β€’ Helminthic: Loffler syndrome (Ascaris, hookworm, Strongyloides), Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (lymphatic
Differential Diagnosis ... of Pulmonary Eosinophilia ... Helminthic: Loffler syndrome ... Hypereosinophilic syndrome ... #Differential #
Cystic Lung Disease
Upper Lobe Predominant: 
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Pneumocystis Jiroveci, Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Paracoccidioidomycosis,
Ehlers-danlos Syndrome ... (LCDD), Cystic Pulmonary ... Birt-Hogg-DubΓ© Syndrome ... Bronchiolitis, Pulmonary ... Lung #Disease #differential
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) demonstrated on Echocardiogram Bubble Study

Intra-cardiac shunt: Bubbles appear in LA quickly (within 3
Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome (HPS) demonstrated ... beats) Intra-pulmonary ... #HPS #Hepatopulmonary ... Study #clinical #POCUS
β–Ί
Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Airways: 
 β€’ Bronchitis
 β€’ Bronchiectasis
 β€’ Malignancy: Primary bronchogenic CA, Endobronchial
Hemoptysis - Differential ... , Idiopathic pulmonary ... Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome ... #Hemoptysis #Differential ... #Diagnosis #pulmonary