Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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differential causes algorithm casts clinical hyponatremia kidney metabolic neurology one oneandahalf ophthalmology workup acute aki alkalosis atlas framework hypokalemia hypophosphatemia
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... Red cell casts - Diagnostic ... #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... microscopy / urinary ... calcium Optional: urinary ... syndrome: troponin ... #nephrology #causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
One and a Half Syndrome on Ocular Physical Examination @anterior_seg_rocks #OneAndAHalf #One #Half #Syndrome #PhysicalExam #clinical #video #ophthalmology
One and a Half Syndrome ... on Ocular Physical ... #Syndrome #PhysicalExam ... #clinical #video ... ophthalmology #neurology
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 Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... • Diarrhea A urine ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Algorithm Syndrome ... GI losses • Renal ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... suppression • Primary ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential Diagnosis ... leukemia Measure Urine ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... Normal or High PTH: Primary ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... diuretics after renal ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... water intake (Primary ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
One and a Half Syndrome on Physical Exam This 28 year old patient presented to clinic with
One and a Half Syndrome ... the follow up video ... the hospital, diagnosed ... #Syndrome #PhysicalExam ... #clinical #video
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