The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Fecal Incontinence - Pathogenesis and Complications
Continence mechanisms are impaired
 • Local neuronal damage
 • External and
Fecal Incontinence ... Pathogenesis and Complications ... (e.g. stroke, dementia ... ) #Fecal #stool ... #Incontinence #geriatrics
Retinopathy of Prematurity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Increased metabolic demand of growing eye
-> Excessive VEGF production ->
Retinopathy of Prematurity ... -> Neovascular complications ... #Prematurity #peds ... #pediatrics #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... Hemorrhages • Focal ... #Diabetic #Retinopathy ... #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia ... pathophysiology #geriatrics
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #peds ... #pediatrics
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy ... -> Diffuse and focal ... #Hypertensive #Retinopathy ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... signs #symptoms #complications
Acute Otitis Media: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings (in Children)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: 
 - Bacterial: Streptococcus
resolve by 72 hours Complications ... symptoms #signs #peds ... #pediatrics
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... endocrinology #peds ... #pediatrics
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
Polio Virus -> Fecal-oral ... viremia causes fetal ... #Immunization #peds ... #pediatrics #pathophysiology