The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... Overproduction #diagnosis ... signs #symptoms #endocrinology
Subjective Tinnitus: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Subjective Tinnitus - Perceived sound with no acoustic stimulus, heard only
refers to sound caused ... #Tinnitus #Causes ... #differential #diagnosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... anion gap until it closes ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Ovarian Cycle – Ovulation Explained

Around Day 14, estrogen exerts sudden +++ positive feedback
and release LH causes ... pathophysiology #Ovulation #endocrinology
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
pathophysiology #endocin #endocrinology ... symptoms #signs #diagnosis
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Headaches • Nausea ... #SideEffects #endocrinology
Septic Arthritis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Notes:
- Septic Arthritis is typically monoarticular & the knee is involved
involved in >50% of cases ... S.A. can also be caused ... pathophysiology #diagnosis
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... pathophysiology #genetics #endocrinology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... disc arterioles causes ... disc arterioles causes ... ophthalmology #diagnosis
Erectile Dysfunction: Pathogenesis

Erectile Dysfunction - Persistent or recurrent inability to achieve an erection sufficient to achieve
and rigidity Endocrinologic ... Pathophysiology #Urology ... #Diagnosis