The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Anaphylaxis: Signs and Symptoms
Anaphylaxis: when any egg of three conditions is met:
1. Acute onset of skin/mucosal
Anaphylaxis: Signs ... Acute onset of skin ... symptoms in the acute ... pathophysiology #immunology ... #diagnosis #signs
Inflammatory Cascade: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Continued Innate Immunity
 • Phagocytosis: (main mechanism) neutrophils and macrophages engulf
destruction), promote inflammation ... Inflammatory #Cascade #Inflammation ... pathophysiology #immunology
Acute Rheumatic Fever: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Delayed autoimmune reaction
-> Molecular mimicry
-> GAS antigen cross-reacts with host
->
Acute Rheumatic ... Tissue injury and inflammation ... , Carditis #Acute ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #signs
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Unique because it is entirely T-Cell mediated; exposure to
cells or CTLs -> Inflammation ... HypersensitivityReaction #Allergy #Immunology
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
clinical findings Acute ... mastoid air cells (inflammation ... mucosa leads to inflammation ... mastoid air cells (inflammation ... pathophysiology #signs
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
manifestations Skin: • Inflammation ... Eyes: • Globe inflammation ... audible Lungs: • Inflammation ... on CXR • RA inflammation ... pathophysiology #signs
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
Panopthalmitis: inflammation ... Endopthalmitis: inflammation ... ) -> Localized inflammation ... Induration, Warmth • Inflammation ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs
Reactive Arthritis
 • Inflammation of joints (commonly large joints)
    - Asymmetric Oligoarthritis: Joint
Arthritis • Inflammation ... Effusions • Inflammation ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #signs
Acute Otitis Media: Complications
Infection and inflammation of the middle ear
 - Prolonged obstruction of e. tube
Acute Otitis Media ... Infection and inflammation ... becomes more severe Signs ... Balance Problems #Acute ... pathophysiology #symptoms #signs
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma Signs ... reflex) • Orbital inflammation ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs