The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... Neovascularization #Diabetic ... #Retinopathy #Diabetes ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Complications of Measles: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • ADEM -> Fever, headache, neck stiffness, BBD, mental
Complications of ... neck stiffness, BBD ... infections #Measles #Complications ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #pathophysiology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
A good mnemonic ... Signs / Symptoms ... / Complications ... Hyperprolactinemia • Diabetes ... #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Syndrome Signs/Symptoms ... /Complications: ... Obesity -> Type 2 diabetes ... Syndrome #genetics #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy ... #Hypertensive #Retinopathy ... #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #complications
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
Immunocompromised, Diabetes ... lower tract: As a complication ... UrinaryTractInfection #UUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... endocrinology #diabetes
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
tumour, stone, BPH ... cystitis, UTI), diabetes ... Incr PVR if a complication ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Benzodiazepine (BZD) withdrawal: clinical findings and complications

 • Activation of ACC and OFC -> Feelings of
Benzodiazepine (BZD ... clinical findings and complications ... Activity -> Incr BP ... #pharmacology #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Bulimia Nervosa: Signs and Symptoms
Associated Psychological / Behavioural Features
 • Feelings of shame, guilt and embarrassment
Nervosa: Signs and Symptoms ... vomiting Other • Symptoms ... related to complications ... frequent urination (diabetes ... BulimiaNervosa #pathophysiology