The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Subtrochanteric Femur Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Subtrochanteric region spans 5 cm distally from the
fractures in elderly Causes ... Femur #Fractures #msk ... orthopedics #diagnosis #differential ... #causes #pathophysiology
Subjective Tinnitus: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Subjective Tinnitus - Perceived sound with no acoustic stimulus, heard only
refers to sound caused ... #Tinnitus #Causes ... pathophysiology #differential
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... anion gap until it closes ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... signs #symptoms #endocrinology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Ovarian Cycle – Ovulation Explained

Around Day 14, estrogen exerts sudden +++ positive feedback
and release LH causes ... pathophysiology #Ovulation #endocrinology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Headaches • Nausea ... #SideEffects #endocrinology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... pathophysiology #genetics #endocrinology
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
pathophysiology #causes ... signs #diagnosis #msk