The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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pathophysiology diagnosis signs symptoms acquired adhesivecapsulitis anticonvulsants bonestrength caudaequina complications disruptors fracture frozenshoulder healing hypersensitivityreaction immunology mechanism moodstabilizers orthopedics osteoporosis
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Definition: Unique because it is entirely T-Cell mediated; exposure to
causes development ... of allergen-specific ... Allergic reaction ... T-Cell activation takes ... Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
with autoimmune disorders ... a stroke that caused ... side) Second Stage ... movement) Third Stage ... #staging #msk
Cauda Equina Syndrome Causes: • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central) • Severe lumbar spondylosis • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... pain (shooting, stabbing ... #CaudaEquina #Syndrome ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
constipation • Allergic ... Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... relapse of bipolar disorder ... Systemic effect -> Nausea
Fracture Healing (and disruptors of this process) Inflammatory Stage (0-7d) • Fracture disrupts local blood vessels ->
Inflammatory Stage ... Metabolic / Endocrine disorders ... Fluoroquinolones - Causes ... #Orthopedics #msk ... #Staging #pathophysiology
Acquired Disorders of Reduced Bone Strength: Pathogenesis • Hyperparathyroidism • Vitamin D deficiency • Malabsorption syndromes
Acquired Disorders ... Malabsorption syndromes ... Diabetes • Other causes ... Sedondary #Acquired #Disorders ... pathophysiology #differential
Paget’s Disease: Complications Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation MSK
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause ... bone formation MSK ... Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones ... Skull expansion causes ... Nerve Palsies • Disordered
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