The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS): Summary of Causes and Ocular Manifestations
 • Molluscum lesions
 • Eyelid Kaposi
AIDS): Summary of Causes ... and Ocular Manifestations ... • Cotton wool spots ... #AIDS #Ocular ... Complications #ophthalmology
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
URT inflammation causes ... severe swelling causes ... Tetanus Toxin -> Spores ... lymph -> Koplik's spots ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
Pathogenesis and Ocular ... conjunctiva) • Bitot's spots ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors(SNRIs): Mechanisms and Side Effects

Withdrawal: Dizziness, Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea, Vomiting
Serotonin Syndrome - Potentially Life
Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea ... Abnormalities: Ocular ... gain Incr NE: Nausea ... SerotoninNorepinephrine #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
-> Cotton-wool spots ... retinal ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings

Grading Ligament Sprains
l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness,
LowAnkleSprain #Sports ... #MSK #orthopedics ... Grades #Diagnosis #pathophysiology
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Mechanisms and Side Effects
 • Serotonin Syndrome:
   - Autonomic Hyperactivity:
Abnormalities: Ocular ... Dizziness - Nausea ... Serotonin #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
vertebrae • CT - collar ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Onchocerciasis “River Blindness”: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations
Vectorial Transmission
-> Onchocerca volvulus, a parasitic helminth, matures in to
Pathogenesis and Ocular ... RiverBlindness #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology