The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... -> Cotton-wool spots ... #Diabetic #Retinopathy ... complications #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Hypertensive #Retinopathy ... #pathophysiology
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
focal melting) -> Retinopathy ... conjunctiva) • Bitot's spots ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology
Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings

Grading Ligament Sprains
l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness,
LowAnkleSprain #Sports ... #MSK #orthopedics ... Grades #Diagnosis #pathophysiology
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
fractures • Short ... Syndrome #genetics #pathophysiology ... #peds #pediatrics
Retinopathy of Prematurity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Increased metabolic demand of growing eye
-> Excessive VEGF production ->
Retinopathy of Prematurity ... detachment #Retinopathy ... Prematurity #peds #pediatrics ... #pathophysiology
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
Tetanus Toxin -> Spores ... lymph -> Koplik's spots ... Immunization #peds #pediatrics ... #pathophysiology
RICE: Mechanism of Action
Rest (weight bearing or stressful motion discontinued)
Ice (applied to injury)
Compression (wrap applied to
heart) #RICE #Sports ... #pathophysiology ... #mechanism #MSK
Distinguishing between Inflammatory and Degenerative joint disease
Inflammatory Joint Disease
 • Swelling stimulates joint nociceptors -> Pain
> Stiffness is short-lived ... Comparison #Versus #MSK ... JointPain #Diagnosis #pathophysiology
Overuse Tendinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Intrinsic factors: Age, Body weight, Nutrition, Gender, Anatomical variations,
factors: Occupation, Sport ... #Tendinopathy #pathophysiology ... #msk