The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
• Spreads to periorbital ... Impaired extra-ocular ... Orbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Periorbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Dacryoadenitis: infection of the lacrimal glands
b. Conjunctivitis: inflammation of the
Note: Eye exam ... normal: - extra-ocular ... #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
Pathogenesis and Ocular ... • Loss of the eye ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Trachoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

 • Environmental Factors -> Bacterial infection is encouraged by poor hygiene
Transmission -> Eye-seeking ... from nasal or ocular ... Lubrication • Dry eye ... Trachoma #Chlamydia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma Signs ... detachment • Red Eye ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Onchocerciasis “River Blindness”: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations
Vectorial Transmission
-> Onchocerca volvulus, a parasitic helminth, matures in to
Pathogenesis and Ocular ... Microfilariae enter the eye ... RiverBlindness #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Age Related Macular Degeneration: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Photoreceptor atrophy 
-> Extracellular debris (drusen) from RPE atrophy/metabolism
Age Related Macular ... Amsler grid) - Macular ... early disease) #AgeRelated ... MacularDegeneration #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
present with a red eye ... -> crowding of ocular ... damage & blindness Signs ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Keratoconus: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Genetics
 • Family history of keratoconus
 • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
 • Down, Turner,
Contact lens use • Eye ... > Keratoconus Signs ... • Rizutti's Sign ... #Keratoconus #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Extra-articular Manifestations
 • Ocular - Inflammation of the iris, the anterior part of the
Manifestations • Ocular ... visual acuity, eye ... lung fibrosis #AnkylosingSpondylitis ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs