The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
Thyroid gland hyperplasia ... etiology Signs/Symptoms ... pathophysiology #endocin #endocrinology ... #symptoms #signs
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Medications
Aging
 -> Increased Testosterone -> Testosterone metabolized into DHT by type
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ... cell nuclei -> Hyperplasia ... smooth-muscle hyperplasia ... Benign #Prostatic #Hyperplasia ... #Pharmacology #Urology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
congenital adrenal hyperplasia ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #genetics #endocrinology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Syndrome Signs/Symptoms ... Complications: • Gonadal hypoplasia
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Hormonal alterations (result of aging process)
    ->
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ... emptying - Voiding Symptoms ... Benign #Prostatic #Hyperplasia ... Pathophysiology #Urology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
lipolysis Signs/Symptoms ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
Signs / Symptoms ... #SideEffects #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #endocrinology