A quick infographic on the importance of sun protection and the various results of sun damage on the skin. Additionally, there is a description of the various types of light that can damage the skin with their chemical effects.
#sun #damage #UV #ultraviolet #exposure #radiation #wavelengths #causes #diagnosis #dermatology #skin
References:
1. Dale Wilson B, Moon S, Armstrong F. Comprehensive review of ultraviolet radiation and the current status on sunscreens. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2012;5(9):18-23.
2. Matsumura Y, Ananthaswamy HN. Toxic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004;195(3):298-308.
3. Soter NA. Acute effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin. Semin Dermatol. 1990;9(1):11-15.
4. Dennis LK, Vanbeek MJ, Beane Freeman LE, Smith BJ, Dawson DV, Coughlin JA. Sunburns and risk of cutaneous melanoma: does age matter? A comprehensive meta-analysis. Ann Epidemiol. 2008;18(8):614-627.
5. Fartasch M, Diepgen TL, Schmitt J, Drexler H. The relationship between occupational sun exposure and non-melanoma skin cancer: clinical basics, epidemiology, occupational disease evaluation, and prevention. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2012;109(43):715-720.
6. Oliveria SA, Saraiya M, Geller AC, Heneghan MK, Jorgensen C. Sun exposure and risk of melanoma. Arch Dis Child. 2006;91(2):131-138.
7. Linares MA, Zakaria A, Nizran P. Skin Cancer. Prim Care. 2015;42(4):645-659.
8. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70(1):7-30.
9. Woodhead AD, Setlow RB, Tanaka M. Environmental factors in nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancer. J Epidemiol. 1999;9(6 Suppl):S102-114.
10. Seebode C, Lehmann J, Emmert S. Photocarcinogenesis and Skin Cancer Prevention Strategies. Anticancer Res. 2016;36(3):1371-1378.
11. Cadet J, Wagner JR. DNA base damage by reactive oxygen species, oxidizing agents, and UV radiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013;5(2).
12. Welsh MM, Karagas MR, Kuriger JK, et al. Genetic determinants of UV-susceptibility in non-melanoma skin cancer. PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e20019.
13. Poon F, Kang S, Chien AL. Mechanisms and treatments of photoaging. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2015;31(2):65-74.
14. Porges SB, Kaidbey KH, Grove GL. Quantification of visible light-induced melanogenesis in human skin. Photodermatol. 1988;5(5):197-200.
15. Grether-Beck S, Marini A, Jaenicke T, Krutmann J. Photoprotection of human skin beyond ultraviolet radiation. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2014;30(2-3):167-174.
16. Dong K, Goyarts EC, Pelle E, Trivero J, Pernodet N. Blue light disrupts the circadian rhythm and create damage in skin cells. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2019;41(6):558-562.
Be sure to check out LearnSkin's sun protection series here for CME credit: https://www.learnskin.com/series/integrative-approach-to-skin-cancer-and-sun-protection
A quick infographic on various pearls about atopic dermatitis, a disease with an increasing burden on medicine and the patient. Herein, viewers can learn about possible risk factors, management recommendations, treatments, and comorbidities of atopic dermatitis.
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease, affecting greater than 15% of children worldwide. This disease imposes a considerable burden on the physical, mental, and overall well-being of the patient. A combination of dysfunction of the skin barrier, cytokines, chemokines, and receptors in the skin result in the development of AD.
#management #medications #treatment #diagnosis #causes #atopy #atopic #dermatitis
#eczema #dermatology #skinrash
References:
Danby SG, Brown K, Wigley AM, et al. The Effect of Water Hardness on Surfactant Deposition after Washing and Subsequent Skin Irritation in Atopic Dermatitis Patients and Healthy Control Subjects. J Invest Dermatol. 2018;138(1):68-77.
Gdalevich M, Mimouni D, David M, Mimouni M. Breast-feeding and the onset of atopic dermatitis in childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;45(4):520-527.
Petersen EBM, Skov L, Thyssen JP, Jensen P. Role of the Gut Microbiota in Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review. Acta Derm Venereol. 2019;99(1):5-11.
Hui RL, Lide W, Chan J, Schottinger J, Yoshinaga M, Millares M. Association between exposure to topical tacrolimus or pimecrolimus and cancers. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(12):1956-1963.
Peroni DG, Piacentini GL, Cametti E, Chinellato I, Boner AL. Correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and severity of atopic dermatitis in children. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164(5):1078-1082.
Taheri A, Cantrell J, Feldman SR. Tachyphylaxis to topical glucocorticoids; what is the evidence? Dermatol Online J. 2013;19(7):18954.
Mehta AB, Nadkarni NJ, Patil SP, Godse KV, Gautam M, Agarwal S. Topical corticosteroids in dermatology. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2016;82(4):371-378.
Okwundu N, Cardwell LA, Cline A, Unrue EL, Richardson IM, Feldman SR. Topical corticosteroids for treatment-resistant atopic dermatitis. Cutis. 2018;102(3):205-209.
Hindley D, Galloway G, Murray J, Gardener L. A randomised study of "wet wraps" versus conventional treatment for atopic eczema. Arch Dis Child. 2006;91(2):164-168.
Sandhu JK, Wu KK, Bui TL, Armstrong AW. Association between atopic dermatitis and suicidality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2019;155(2):178-187.
Schmitt J, Buske-Kirschbaum A, Tesch F, et al. Increased attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms in atopic dermatitis are associated with history of antihistamine use. Allergy. 2018;73(3):615-626.
Pedersen MS, Benros ME, Agerbo E, et al. Schizophrenia in patients with atopic disorders with particular emphasis on asthma: A Danish population-based study. Schizophr Res. 2012;138(1):58-62.
Ascott A, Mulick A, Yu AM, et al. Atopic eczema and major cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;143(5):1821-1829. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.030
This is a quick overview of hormonal acne treatment for the medical student and resident.
Keep in mind the combination oral contraceptives include:
Ethinyl Estradiol and Norgestimate
Ethinyl Estradiol and Norethindrone Acetate (+ Iron)
Ethinyl Estradiol and Drospirenone
Ethinyl Estradiol, Drospirenone, and Levomefolate calcium
#dermatology #treatment #photo #management #skin #hormonal #acne
1. Bosanac SS, Trivedi M, Clark AK, Sivamani RK, Larsen LN. Progestins and acne vulgaris: a review. Dermatology Online Journal. 2018;24(5). Accessed August 17, 2020. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6wm945xf
2. Koo EB, Petersen TD, Kimball AB. Meta-analysis comparing efficacy of antibiotics versus oral contraceptives in acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(3):450-459. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.051
3. Sato K, Matsumoto D, Iizuka F, et al. Anti-androgenic therapy using oral spironolactone for acne vulgaris in Asians. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2006;30(6):689-694. doi:10.1007/s00266-006-0081-0
4. Layton AM, Eady EA, Whitehouse H, Del Rosso JQ, Fedorowicz Z, van Zuuren EJ. Oral Spironolactone for Acne Vulgaris in Adult Females: A Hybrid Systematic Review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2017;18(2):169-191. doi:10.1007/s40257-016-0245-x
5. Grandhi R, Alikhan A. Spironolactone for the Treatment of Acne: A 4-Year Retrospective Study. Dermatology (Basel). 2017;233(2-3):141-144. doi:10.1159/000471799
6. Isvy-Joubert A, Nguyen J-M, Gaultier A, et al. Adult female acne treated with spironolactone: a retrospective data review of 70 cases. Eur J Dermatol. 2017;27(4):393-398. doi:10.1684/ejd.2017.3062
7. Castelo-Branco C, Moyano D, Gómez O, Balasch J. Long-term safety and tolerability of flutamide for the treatment of hirsutism. Fertility and Sterility. 2009;91(4):1183-1188. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.046
8. Bitzer J, Römer T, Lopes da Silva Filho A. The use of cyproterone acetate/ethinyl estradiol in hyperandrogenic skin symptoms - a review. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2017;22(3):172-182. doi:10.1080/13625187.2017.1317339
9. Gollnick H, Albring M, Brill K. [The effectiveness of oral cyproterone acetate in combination with ethinylestradiol in acne tarda of the facial type]. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 1999;60(3):157-166.
10. Lortscher D, Admani S, Satur N, Eichenfield LF. Hormonal Contraceptives and Acne: A Retrospective Analysis of 2147 Patients. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(6):670-674.
11. Lessner E, Fisher S, Kobraei K, et al. Spironolactone and topical retinoids in adult female cyclical acne. J Drugs Dermatol. 2014;13(2):126-129.