Medications Used in Hypertensive Emergencies
Vasodilators: Hydralazine, Nitroglycerin, Sodium nitroprusside
Calcium Channel Blockers: Clevidipine, Nicardipine
ß-Blockers: Esmolol, Labetalol, Metoprolol
ACE Inhibitors: Enalaprilat
Alpha-Antagonist: Phentolamine
D1 Receptor Agonists: Fenoldopam
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Intern Pocket Cards - Inpatient Blood Pressure Management Guide
ß-blockers:
• Metoprolol, Carvedilol, Labetalol
• Bradycardia, heart block, ADHF, COPD exacerbation
ACEl/ARBs:
• Captopril, Enalaprilat (IV), Lisinopril, Valsartan
• AKI, hyperkalemia, angioedema
Alpha-2 agonists:
• Clonidine
• Severe bradycardia
Nitrates:
• Isosorbide dinitrate
• Severe AS, PDE inhibitor use
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs):
• Nifedipine ER, Diltiazem, Amlodipine
• HFrEF, For non-dihydropyridines: Bradycardia, heart block
Diuretics:
• Chlorthalidone, Hydrochlorothiazide, Spironolactone
• AKI, hypovolemia, difficulty with transferring to urinate
Vasodilators:
• Hydralazine
• Can develop severe reflex tachycardia due to the unpredictable drop in SBP
Non-selective alpha-blockers:
• Phentolamine
• Can develop severe reflex tachycardia due to the unpredictable drop in SBP
Partial D1 agonists
• Fenoldopam
• Glaucoma
Dr. Satya Patel @SatyaPatelMD
Full Inpatient Pocket Cards Collection: https://bit.ly/pocketcardset
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Intern Pocket Cards - Inpatient Anti-Emetics Guide
Serotonin antagonists:
• Ondansetron (Zofran), Granisetron (Kytril, Sancuso) - Headache, constipation, drowsiness, diarrhea
Dopamine antagonists (DA):
• Metoclopramide (Reglan) -Drowsiness, EPS, do not use if increased GI motility
• Olanzapine (Zyprexa) - EPS, hyperglycemia
• Prochlorperazine (Compazine) - EPS, NMS
• Haloperidol (Haldol) - EPS, constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, somnolence
• Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) - EPS, dry mouth
Histamine antagonists:
• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - Dizziness, drowsiness, paradoxical excitation
ACh antagonists
• Scopolamine - Bradycardia, flushing, thirst, xerostomia, urinary retention
DA/Histamine/ACh antagonist:
• Promethazine (Phenergan) - EPS, NMS, drowsiness, sedation, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists
• Aprepitant (Emend) - Hiccups, bradycardia, neutropenia
• Fosaprepitant (Ivemend) - Angioedema, bradycardia, neutropenia
Centrally acting:
• Dexamethasone - Leukocytosis, mood changes, adrenal suppression, hyperglycemia
• Trimethobenzamide (Tigan) - EPS, disorientation, seizure
• THC, dronabinol - Hyperemesis, tachycardia, nystagmus, ataxia
• Lorazepam (Ativan) - Respiratory depression
Dr. Satya Patel @SatyaPatelMD
Full Inpatient Pocket Cards Collection: https://bit.ly/pocketcardset
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Intern Pocket Cards - Pharmacologic Pain Management Options
Anti-inflammatory:
• Acetaminophen (24 hours: < 3-4g in healthy adults, <3g in CKD, <2g in liver disease or cirrhosis)
• Oral NSAIDs or IV ketorolac (avoid NSAIDs if CKD or >2 of the following risk factors: history of GI ulcer, age >60, on steroids, on ASA/anticoagulation)
• Opioid: Hydrocodone, morphine, oxycodone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, tramadol, codeine
• Topical: Lidocaine patch, menthol cream, lidocaine/prilocaine cream, capsaicin cream
• Neuropathic agents: Gabapentin, pregabalin, SNRIs, TCAs
• Anti-spasmodic: Baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, tizanidine
Opioid Equianalgesia Conversion Table:
• Morphine 10 IV, 25 PO
• Hydromorphone 2 IV, 5 PO
• Oxycodone 20 PO
• Hydrocodone 25 PO
• Codeine 100 IV, 200 PO
• Fentanyl 0.15 IV
• Tramadol 100 IV, 120 PO
Dr. Satya Patel @SatyaPatelMD
Full Inpatient Pocket Cards Collection: https://bit.ly/pocketcardset
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