@tannazsafari on GrepMed

#Urethral Injury

#Airway Resistance

Causes of Pleural Fluid Transudates and Exudates #Pleural #Fluid #Effusion #Differential #Diagnosis #Transudative #Exudative #Pulmonary #Causes

H’s and T’s Mnemonic - Causes of Cardiac Arrest H's - Hypovolemia, Hypoxia, Hydrogen Ions (acidosis), Hyperkalemia / Hypokalemia, Hypothermia, Hypoglycemia T's - Toxins / Tablets, Tamponade, Tension Pneumothorax, Thrombosis (Myocardial Infarction), Thromboembolism (Pulmonary), Trauma #Hs #Ts #Mnemonic #Cardiac #Arrest #Causes #differential #diagnosis #acls #checklist

#Atrial Fibrillation #Differential #Afib #Mnemonic

MAGIC DR – a handy mnemonic used to remember the potential causes of a cerebral ring enhancing lesion. M – Metastasis A – Abscess G – Glioblastoma multiforme I – Infarct (subacute phase) C – Contusion D – Demyelinating disease (eg. tumefactive MS) R – Radiation necrosis #Diagnosis #Radiology #Mnemonic #MAGICDR #DRMAGIC #Differential #RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain

Etiologies of pulmonary infections according to CT-scan patterns. CMV cytomegalovirus, GM galactomannan, HSV herpes simplex virus, MDS myelodysplastic syndrome, IF immunofluorescence, PCR polymerase in chain reaction, VZV Varicella–Zoster virus NODULAR LESIONS - Bacterial pneumonia - Aspergillosis - Nocardiosis - Mucormycosis MICRONODULES - Bacterial pneumonia - Viral pneumonia - Mycobacteria GROUND GLASS OPACITIES - Pneumocystosis - Viral pneumonia - Atypical bacterial pneumonia SEPTAL THICKENING - Atypical bacterial pneumonia CAVITATION - Mycobacteria - Histoplasma - Bacterial pneumonia (S. aureus) EXCAVATED NODULES - Bacterial pneumonia - Nocardiosis - Mucormycosis - Actinomyces - Aspergillosis CONSOLIDATION - Bacterial pneumonia - Aspergillosis PLEURAL EFFUSION - Bacterial pneumonia - Tuberculosis https://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1007/s00134-019-05906-5?shared_access_token=FCshMhmvYZdcHlN-0s7lvfe4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY4GAssYzjvgnq7IXf0W5aS4XfJyVtXlr2ITA3v4hTmYfMme-weKjqQjyUPzEUtGD7yW0PjtMXCne8_w8-oxtvmJe1RmlxFFJpzgymkqdNRFOw%3D%3D #CT #Patterns #Pulmonary #Lung #Infections #ComputedTomography #Differential #Diagnosis #Chest

Here are the most common examples of these four patterns on a chest x-ray (click image to enlarge). Consolidation - Lobar consolidation - Diffuse consolidation - Multifocal ill-defined consolidations Interstitial - Reticular interstitial opacities - Fine Nodular interstitial opacities Nodule or mass - Solitary Pulmonary Nodule - Multiple Masses Atelectasis #Diagnosis #Clinical #Radiology #CXR #Consolidation #Patterns #RadiologyAssistant

Differential diagnosis on HRCT Most of our knowledge about imaging findings in interstitial lung disease comes from HRCT. On HRCT there are four patterns: reticular, nodular, high and low attenuation (table). On a Chest X-Ray it can be very difficult to determine whether there is interstitial lung disease and what kind of pattern we are dealing with. On a CXR the most common pattern is reticular. The ground-glass pattern is frequently not detected on a chest x-ray. The cystic pattern is also difficult to appreciate on a cest x-ray. When the cysts have thick walls like in Langerhans cell histiocytosis or honeycombing, it frequently presents as a reticular pattern on a CXR. However sometimes an interstitial pattern can be seen and in many cases UIP can be suspected based on the x-ray findings. #Diagnosis #Radiology #Pulmonary #CXR #Interstitial #Pattern #Differential #RadiologyAssistant

The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions. These include: - Emphysema - Lung cysts (LAM, LIP, Langerhans cell histiocytosis) - Bronchiectasis - Honeycombing Most diseases with a low attenuation pattern can be readily distinguished on the basis of HRCT findings. #Diagnosis #Radiology #Pulmonary #CTChest #LowAttenuation #Differential #Diagram #Comparison #Honeycombing #TractionBronchiectasis #Cysts #Emphysema #SignetRing #RadiologyAssistant