Light's Criteria for Pleural Effusions #Diagnosis #Pulmonary #Lights #Criteria #Pleural #Effusion #Differential ** GrepMed Recommended Text: Pocket Medicine: The MGH Handbook of Internal Medicine https://amzn.to/2T9rTbc

Diagnostic Testing for Meningitis History: • Triad: Fever, neck stiffness, and altered mental status • Sens: 44% if 2+ are present; Spec: Non-specific Kernig Sign: • Leg extension → pain in back/thighs or extension • Sens: 5% (40% if sitting up); Spec: 95% Brudzinski Sign • Passively flex neck and legs will flex • Sens: 5%; Spec: 95% Nuchal Rigidity • Neck stiffness with neck flexion • Sens: 30%; Spec: 70% Jolt Accentuation • Shake head will headache • Sens: 60-90%; Spec: 60-80% Lumbar Puncture • Glucose, WBC, protein, gram stain, culture • Sens: 60-90%; Spec: Up to 100% - VA Joint Chiefs @BostonChiefs #Meningitis #diagnosis #testing #physicalexam #Sensitivity #Specificity #diagnosis

DO2 Equation in Shock = Oxygen Delivery DO2 = CO x (1.39 x [Hb] x SaO2 +(0.003xPaO2)) DO2 = Rate of oxygen delivery (ml per minute) CO = Cardiac output (litres per minute) 1.39 = Oxygen binding capacity of haemoglobin: 1.39 ml per gram [Hb] = Haemoglobin concentration (grams per litre) SaO2 = Haemoglobin oxygen saturation expressed as a fraction (i.e. 97% is expressed as 0.97) 0.003 = Amount of dissolved oxygen in the blood, in ml. For every 1 mmHg of oxygen tension, 0.003ml of oxygen gas is dissolved in 100ml of blood. Dr. Aman Thind @Thind888 #DO2 #Equation #Shock #Oxygen #Delivery #criticalcare #resuscitation #diagnosis

Normal urine output - 0.5 to 1.5 cc/kg/hour - A patient should be urinating at least every 6 hours. Oliguria - Decreased urine output < 300cc/m2/24 hours - < 0.5 cc/kg/hour in children - < 1.0 cc/kg/hour in infants - Usually < 500 cc/day in adults Anuria - No or minimal urine output - Usually < 100 mL/day in adults #urine #output #oliguria #anuria #laboratory #shock #classification

Mnemonic for Kawasaki Disease - CREAM #Diagnosis #Peds #Pediatrics #Kawasaki #Disease #Mnemonic #CREAM

Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes Reflexes: • Knee - L2, L3, L4 • Ankle - S1 • Biceps - C5, C6 • Triceps - C6, C7, C8 • Supinator - C5, C6 Important Conditions: • Cauda Equina Syndrome - Low back pain, sciatica, saddle (perineal) anesthesia, genitourinary dysfunction, and bilateral leg paresis. Medical Emergency • Peroneal Neuropathy - Foot drop and sensory disturbance over dorsum of foot and lateral calf. Inversion reserved. Commonly caused by damage to peroneal nerve at fibular neck such as fibular fracture or prolonged compression • Spinal Stenosis - Narrowing of spinal canal and neural foramina. Results in dysaesthesia, neurogenic claudication and weakness. Claudication classically is relieved by sitting rather than stopping walking (vascular claudication) #LowerLimb #Extremity #Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology #sensory #motor #leg #physicalexam

Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes Motor Function Shoulder: • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary) • Adduction - C6, C7, C8 Elbow: • Flexion - C5,C6 (musculocutaneous) • Extension C6, C7, C8 (radial) Supination - C6 Pronation - C7, C8 Wrist: • Flexion - C6, C7 (median) • Extension - C7, C8 (radial) Finger: • Mexion - C8 (median) • Extension - C7, C8 (radial) • Abduction - C8-T1 (ulnar) • Adduction - C7-T1 (ulnar) • Thumb opp - C8, T1 (median) Reflexes: • Triceps Jerk - C7, C8 • Biceps Jerk - C5, C6 • Supinator - C5, C6 • Finger Jerk - C8 Important Conditions Erb's Palsy is caused by damage to the upper trunk and results in characteristic "waiter's tip" position. Klumpke's Ralsy - Damage to C8 and T1 leading toc aracteristic "claw hand" ± Horner Syndrome Wrist drop - Occurs after damage to the radial nerve in the radial groove. Triceps power is characteristically spared in this injury. "Saturday night palsy" is a common cause. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Causes paraesthesia in the median nerve distribution with atrophy of the thenar eminence. Anterior Shoulder Dislocation - May cause axillary nerve damage resulting in "regimental badge" anesthesia and deltoid weakness. #UpperLimb #Extremity #Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology #sensory #motor #arm #physicalexam

Circle of Willis - Neuroanatomy - Cerebral Blood Supply By @rev.med #Circle #Willis #Neuroanatomy #Cerebral #Blood #Supply #Anatomy

Interpretation of Components of the CBC (Complete Blood Count) #CBC #Interpretation #CompleteBloodCount #Hematology #Differential #Diagnosis #Laboratory

mean arterial pressure #map #pressure