Dr. Michael Chew @mchew85
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GrepMed Gastroenterology-Hepatology Editor, Academic Hospitalist UC Davis Medical Center Internal Medicine, Yale Gastroenterology Fellow '22
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Table of Causes of Acute Liver Injury
#Diagnosis #Hepatology #Acute #Liver #Injury #Causes #Differential #Incidence #Table #Failure
Liver Injury #Diagnosis ... Injury #Causes #Differential ... #Incidence #Table
Management of Jackhammer Esophagus or Esophageal Spasm
Step 1: Assess the severity of the motility disturbance
Step 2:
of Jackhammer Esophagus ... Consider further diagnostics ... #Jackhammer #Esophagus
Acute Esophageal Necrosis
History: Hematemesis and/or melena (70%), Dysphagia, Epigastric/chest pain, Sepsis
Diagnosis EGD and Biopsy
Differential: Melanosis, Melanoma,
chest pain, Sepsis Diagnosis ... EGD and Biopsy Differential ... Necrosis #black #esophagus ... #diagnosis #management
Barrett's Esophagus (BE) Documentation 
1. 1st description as - ESEM (endoscopically suspected esophageal metaplasia), NOT as
Barrett's Esophagus ... (histological diagnosis ... BE - distal esophagus ... #Barretts #Esophagus ... Documentation #EGD #diagnosis
Prague Criteria - For Endoscopically Suspected Esophageal Columnar Metaplasia/Barrett's Esophagus
1) Ensure Hiatus Hernia Is Recognised By
Metaplasia/Barrett's Esophagus ... Criteria #Barretts #Esophagus ... #diagnosis #endoscopy
Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) - Spectrum of Response
Non-response:
 • Histology: Persistent eosinophilia, ≥ 15 eos/hpf
 • Symptoms:
Endoscopy: Normal esophagus ... EoE #Response #diagnosis
An Approach to Jaundice - Differential Diagnosis

- Increased Production (Prehepatic)
- Decreased Clearance (Intrahepatic + Posthepatic)

Dr. Eric
to Jaundice - Differential ... Diagnosis - ... #Jaundice #Differential ... #Posthepatic #Diagnosis
Portal Hypertension Differential

#Diagnosis #Hepatology #Differential #PortalHypertension #PortalHTN #Prehepatic #Posthepatic #Intrahepatic
Portal Hypertension Differential ... #Diagnosis # ... Hepatology #Differential
Gallstone Diseases
1. Asymptomatic Stones 75%
2. Biliary Pain 20%
3. Acute Cholecystitis 10%
4. Mirizzi's Syndrome < 0.1%
5. Cholangitis/
Gallstone #Diseases #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Severe Acute Liver Injury
 - Ichemic hepatitis
 - Acute biliary obstruction
 - Drug-Induced liver
Acute #Causes #Differential ... #Hepatology #Diagnosis