Dr. Michael Chew @mchew85
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GrepMed Gastroenterology-Hepatology Editor, Academic Hospitalist UC Davis Medical Center Internal Medicine, Yale Gastroenterology Fellow '22
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Forrest Classification for Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
Rebleeding risks are without endoscopic intervention
1a - Spurting Bleed - 60-100%
for Peptic Ulcer Bleeding ... Ib - Oozing Bleed ... - 50% Re-bleeding ... IIa - Non-Bleeding ... Clot - 20-30% Re-bleeding
Causes of Small Bowel Bleeding - Differential Diagnosis
Common Causes:
 • Under age 40 years: Inflammatory Bowel
of Small Bowel Bleeding ... Plummer-Vinson syndrome ... Ehlers-Danlos syndrome ... , Inherited syndromes ... #SmallBowel #Bleeding
Upper GI Bleed - Stigmata of recent hemorrhage - Prevalence and Risk of Rebleeding.
The stigmata of
Prevalence and Risk of Rebleeding ... risk of further bleeding ... Gastroenterology #UpperGI #Rebleeding
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Risk factors: Previous acute enteric infection, Female
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ... (IBS) - Pathophysiology ... functional somatic syndromes ... Pregabalin #IBS ... Irritable #Bowel #Syndrome
Brisk Gastric Bleeding on Upper Endoscopy
87 year old female. Acute bleeding in stomach.  Dieulafoy’s Lesion
Brisk Gastric Bleeding ... Acute bleeding in ... active #Gastric #Bleeding
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) Diagnosis Algorithm
Bubble echo is the first piece of the puzzle. The nail on
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Algorithm Bubble echo is ... nail on the dx is ... If <15 it is a simple ... Hepatopulmonary #Syndrome
Endoscopic Bleeding Risk - Summary points from ASGE guideline 

Low Risk Procedures 
 - Diagnostic endoscopy
Endoscopic Bleeding ... Endoscopy #Endoscopic #Bleeding
Endoscopy - Management of Bleeding Esophageal Varices 
What to Band?
 - Always find the varix that
Management of Bleeding ... anticipate active bleeding ... - If without bleeding ... the lower third is ... If it is still not
Gallstone Diseases
1. Asymptomatic Stones 75%
2. Biliary Pain 20%
3. Acute Cholecystitis 10%
4. Mirizzi's Syndrome < 0.1%
5. Cholangitis/
Mirizzi's Syndrome ... Fistula/Bouveret's Syndrome
Carcinoid Syndrome - Pathophysiology, Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms: Flushing, diarrhea, palpitations, bronchospasm
Complications: Carcinoid heart, mesenteric fibrosis, pellagra,
Carcinoid Syndrome ... #Carcinoid #Syndrome