Dr. Michael Chew @mchew85
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GrepMed Gastroenterology-Hepatology Editor, Academic Hospitalist UC Davis Medical Center Internal Medicine, Yale Gastroenterology Fellow '22
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Risk factors: Previous acute enteric infection, Female
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ... (IBS) - Pathophysiology ... functional somatic syndromes ... Pregabalin #IBS ... #Pathophysiology
Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
 - Ascites Formation
 - Dilutional Hyponatremia
 - Hepatorenal Syndrome
 - Spontaneous Infections

#Cirrhosis #Pathophysiology
Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology ... - Hepatorenal Syndrome ... #Cirrhosis #Pathophysiology
Carcinoid Syndrome - Pathophysiology, Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms: Flushing, diarrhea, palpitations, bronchospasm
Complications: Carcinoid heart, mesenteric fibrosis, pellagra,
Carcinoid Syndrome ... - Pathophysiology ... #Carcinoid #Syndrome ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of Small Bowel Bleeding - Differential Diagnosis
Common Causes:
 • Under age 40 years: Inflammatory Bowel
Bowel Bleeding - Differential ... Plummer-Vinson syndrome ... Ehlers-Danlos syndrome ... , Inherited syndromes ... SmallBowel #Bleeding #Differential
Gallstone Diseases
1. Asymptomatic Stones 75%
2. Biliary Pain 20%
3. Acute Cholecystitis 10%
4. Mirizzi's Syndrome < 0.1%
5. Cholangitis/
Mirizzi's Syndrome ... Fistula/Bouveret's Syndrome ... Gallstone #Diseases #differential
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) Diagnosis Algorithm
Bubble echo is the first piece of the puzzle. The nail on
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Algorithm Bubble echo is ... nail on the dx is ... If <15 it is a simple ... Hepatopulmonary #Syndrome
Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
disease (Budd-Chiari syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Gastrointestinal Causes of Iron Deficiency Anemia
 • Mass lesions: Carcinoma, Large polyps
 • Inflammatory: Reflux esophagitis,
rubber bleb nevus syndrome ... Anemia #Causes #differential
Causes of Aplastic Anemia

#Aplastic #Anemia #Causes #Pathophysiology #Pathology #Treatment #Management #Differential
Anemia #Causes #Pathophysiology ... Treatment #Management #Differential
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
and Sjögren's syndrome ... low #cobalamin #differential