188 results
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Classification
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Causes of Metabolic ... dehydrogenase type 2 ... administration Other causes ... serum potassium <2 ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Classification of ... cholestasis, and some cases ... miscellaneous causes ... #Jaundice #Classification ... #differential #causes
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... Step 2: Does the ... hematuria (RBC casts ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Pulmonary vasculature 2. ... liver disease 2. ... HPS-severity classification ... Hepatopulmonary #Syndrome
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
HPS - Diagnosis:
 1. Patients with liver disease
 2. Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaP02) >15 mmHg
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... liver disease 2. ... vasodilatation HPS Classification ... Hepatopulmonary #Syndrome ... diagnosis #management #classification
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... acidosis (type 1 of 2) ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
• Gitelman's syndrome ... • Bartter's syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Classification
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Kidney Injury - Classification ... a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... a.k.a. hepatorenal syndrome ... tubular necrosis (causes ... Kidney #Injury #Classification