45 results
Complications of Portal Hypertension
 • Hepatic Encephalopathy
 • Pulmonary: Hepatopulmonary syndrome, Portopulmonary hypertension, Hepatic hydrothorax
 •
Hepatopulmonary syndrome ... Portopulmonary hypertension ... Pancytopenia • Renal ... : Hepatorenal syndrome ... Complications #hepatology #diagnosis
Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... failure • Renal ... • Serotonin syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
- Differential Diagnosis ... DM (visit 2), Diagnosis ... multi-drug resistance) Renal ... • Nephritic syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Evaluation of Secondary Hypertension
 • Primary aldosteronism - PRA, PAC
 • Renal artery stenosis - Renal
Evaluation of Secondary Hypertension ... - PRA, PAC • Renal ... artery stenosis - Renal ... fT4 • Cushing syndrome ... Evaluation #workup #diagnosis
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
- Differential Diagnosis ... Medications - Renal ... and bilateral renal ... excess (Cushing syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Approach to Possible Hypertensive Emergency

criteria required to diagnose hypertensive emergency
(1) Severe hypertension
 - Usually a MAP
criteria required to diagnose ... injury (often with microscopic ... might support the diagnosis ... proteinuria, or chronic renal ... #Emergency #Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria for Scleroderma Renal Crisis 

1. New onset blood pressure >150/85 mm Hg OR increase
Diagnostic Criteria ... with accelerated hypertension ... examination - Microscopic ... cells on urine microscopy ... #Crisis #Diagnosis
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes and Mimics - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
90%:
 -
Pulmonary Renal ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Levels: Scleroderma Renal ... disease, Malignant hypertension ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... - RBC casts → Diagnostic ... • Nutcracker syndrome
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... eg, presence of renal ... Renal parenchymal ... White-coat syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis