13 results
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... chronic kidney diseases ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... #Urine #Microscopy ... interpretation #diagnosis
Chronic Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Steatorrhea
 - Maldigestive
    • Pancreatic Insufficiency
 - Primary
Chronic Diarrhea ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Irritable Bowel Syndrome ... Cancer • Microscopic ... Lymphoma #Chronic #Diarrhea
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... basement membrane disease ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... → Diagnostic of ... of glomerular disease
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Disease Associations ... Advanced kidney disease ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) and ANCA (Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)
 • Systemic lupus erythematosus
   1. Anti-dsDNA
Anti-dsDNA (in 70% of cases ... seen in 30—70% of cases ... • Sjögren syndrome ... Vasculitis: • Microscopic ... Antineutrophil #antibodies #diagnosis
Causes of Chronic Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis
Osmotic
 • Food/Drink: Lactose intolerance, Artificial sweeteners (e.g. sorbitol, high
Causes of Chronic Diarrhea ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Secretory: • Microscopic ... / #Chronic #Diarrhea ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Minimal change disease
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
polyangiitis), MPA (microscopic ... life-threatening diseases ... Inflammatory eye disease ... FINDINGS: • U/A: microscopic ... hematuria, RBC casts
Borrelia recurrentis on Peripheral Blood Smear
23M Somali refugee recently arrived w/severe abd pain, confusion and fever
resolved after 2-3d ... Several cases have ... Syndrome: 3d of ... Infectious Diseases ... recurrentis #BloodSmear #microscopy
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
age • 22 and 45 cases ... Myeloproliferative Disease ... abnormal under the microscope ... abnormal under a microscope ... #diagnosis #hematology