19 results
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... variety of acute and chronic ... kidney diseases ... #Urine #Microscopy ... interpretation #diagnosis
Chronic Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Steatorrhea
 - Maldigestive
    • Pancreatic Insufficiency
 - Primary
Chronic Diarrhea ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Irritable Bowel Syndrome ... Cancer • Microscopic ... #Diarrhea #SmallBowel
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... basement membrane disease ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... → Diagnostic of ... of glomerular disease
Classification of Vasculitis 
Vasculitis of large vessels 
 - Arteritis temporalis (giant-cell arteritis) 
 - Takayasu
granulomatosis - microscopic ... Churg-Strauss syndrome ... induced by chronic ... Vasculitis #Vessels #Diagnosis ... #Rheumatology #Diagnosis
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Disease Associations ... Advanced kidney disease ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Causes of Chronic Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis
Osmotic
 • Food/Drink: Lactose intolerance, Artificial sweeteners (e.g. sorbitol, high
Diarrhea - Differential ... Diagnosis Osmotic ... Secretory: • Microscopic ... #Diarrhea #Causes ... #Differential #Diagnosis
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) and ANCA (Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)
 • Systemic lupus erythematosus
   1. Anti-dsDNA
Anti-dsDNA (in 70% of cases ... seen in 30—70% of cases ... • Sjögren syndrome ... Vasculitis: • Microscopic ... Antineutrophil #antibodies #diagnosis
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Minimal change disease
Diarrhea with Normal Colonoscopy
 • Colonic: Bile acid malabsorption, Microscopic colitis, Overflow diarrhoea, Missed pathology
 •
Diarrhea with Normal ... Colonoscopy • Colonic ... malabsorption, Microscopic ... ), Short bowel syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Chronic Diarrhea
Osmotic Diarrhea
 1. Medications: antacids, lactulose, sorbitol
 2. Disaccharidase deficiency: lactose intolerance
 3.
Causes of Chronic ... Crohn disease ... Microscopic colitis ... ), Crohn disease ... #Differential #diagnosis