11 results
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
disease Red blood ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... urine sediment Microscopic ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... causes #urology #nephrology ... blood
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... dipstick, urine microscopy ... screen, including blood ... syndrome: troponin ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
at least 50% Renal ... • Hepatorenal syndromes ... Epithelial cell casts ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) and ANCA (Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)
 • Systemic lupus erythematosus
   1. Anti-dsDNA
Anti-dsDNA (in 70% of cases ... seen in 30—70% of cases ... • Sjögren syndrome ... Vasculitis: • Microscopic ... antibodies #diagnosis #rheumatology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
Syndromes - OnePager ... polyangiitis), MPA (microscopic ... reveals increasing blood ... FINDINGS: • U/A: microscopic ... hematuria, RBC casts
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
age • 22 and 45 cases ... abnormal under the microscope ... abnormal under a microscope ... abnormal under the microscope ... #diagnosis #hematology
Borrelia recurrentis on Peripheral Blood Smear
23M Somali refugee recently arrived w/severe abd pain, confusion and fever
resolved after 2-3d ... Northeast Africa with cases ... Several cases have ... Syndrome: 3d of ... recurrentis #BloodSmear #microscopy
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
pulmonary and renal ... PR3-ANCA): • Microscopic ... Large Vessel: Blood ... Dx: GPA, EGPA, microscopic ... differential #diagnosis #rheumatology
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
pulmonary and renal ... pulses, bruits, or blood ... (PR3-ANCA)): Microscopic ... vasculitis • Cogan syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Rheumatology