29 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... Diagnostic of GN or vasculitis ... microscopic and ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #blood
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... dipstick, urine microscopy ... osmolarity If cause ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits ... #causes
Classification of Vasculitis 
Vasculitis of large vessels 
 - Arteritis temporalis (giant-cell arteritis) 
 - Takayasu
small vessels - ANCA-associated ... granulomatosis - microscopic ... Churg-Strauss syndrome ... drugs, malignomas, and ... Vessels #Diagnosis #Rheumatology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
): • Microscopic ... often causes arthritis ... LFT • ESR • ANA ... Dx: GPA, EGPA, microscopic ... differential #diagnosis #rheumatology
Autoantibodies and their Disease Associations
ANA - Non-specific; common in SLE, autoimmune hepatitis
Anti-CCP, Rheumatoid factor - RA
Anti-dsDNA
Disease Associations ANA ... - Vasculitis, e.g ... - Vasculitis, e.g ... Microscopic polyangiitis ... diagnosis #table #rheumatology
Vasculitis Involving the Skin - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Primary: 50% Cutaneous Vasculitis: Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
Secondary: CTD: SLE, RA
Vasculitis Involving ... • ANCA Associated ... : - Microscopic ... Disease • Cogan syndrome ... #dermatology #rheumatology
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
vasculitis (Eosinophilic ... polyangiitis, Microscopic ... vasculitis, Behcet ... , anti-GBM ab, ANA ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... disease Red blood ... Glomerulonephritis White blood ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential #Microscopy
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) and ANCA (Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)
 • Systemic lupus erythematosus
   1. Anti-dsDNA
ANA (Antinuclear ... • Sjögren syndrome ... Vasculitis: • ... Microscopic polyangiitis ... antibodies #diagnosis #rheumatology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
group of disorders caused ... abnormal under the microscope ... abnormal under a microscope ... abnormal under the microscope ... #diagnosis #hematology