7 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water Extrarenal hypotonic ... salt intake: • Hypertonic ... #nephrology #sodium ... #high
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... >145 mmol/L High ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... #Causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... of hypotonic hyponatremia ... normal volume-based algorithm ... diuresis can be high ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
to diarrhea, a high ... Urine chloride is high ... the indicated causes ... acidosis, a high ... and potassium acid
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... urinary losses: • High ... #nephrology #low
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... /Potassium - Extreme ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... • Labs: - Metabolic ... High body temperatures