11 results
Hormonal Regulation of the Blood Calcium concentration

#Calcium #Regulation #Parathyroid #Calcitonin #Calcitriol #PTH #Endocrinology #Pathophysiology #Hormones
Hormonal Regulation ... #Parathyroid #Calcitonin ... #Calcitriol #PTH ... Pathophysiology #Hormones
Impact and Challenges With Vitamin D to Treat Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Vitamin D to Treat Secondary ... Calcitriol ... or better than calcitriol ... or better than calcitriol ... #VitaminD #Secondary
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Hypercalcemia - ... Hormones and Pathophysiology ... Calcitriol: ... Ca2+, ↓ PO4- Calcitonin ... #Hormones #Pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... long-standing secondary ... Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia ... Other Familial Hypercalcemias ... Excess Vitamin D/Calcitriol
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... • Parathyroid hormone ... Decreased synthesis of calcitriol
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... Adrenocorticotropic hormone ... baseline ACTH - Secondary
Pharmacologic Options for Hypercalcemia Associated with Cancer
Rehydration with NS followed by loop diuretics
 • IV normal
Pharmacologic Options for Hypercalcemia ... conversion to calcitriol ... • Calcitonin ... osteoclast activity #hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ... Hyperparathyroidism - Hypercalcemic ... - Primary or secondary
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ... Hyperparathyroidism, Hypercalcemic ... states, Primary or secondary
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... severe illness - Secondary ... or parathyroid hormone ... absent parathyroid hormone ... Renal disease - Secondary